Wikiagency LTD is a Wikipedia page creation agency serving Sudan from its offices in the United Kingdom, United States, UAE and Pakistan. We assess notability for free, research independent Sudanese and international sources, write neutral and verifiable drafts, and offer monitoring and maintenance afterwards. Prices are fixed and published, with a 100% money-back guarantee on creation packages if the page is not approved.
Written by the Wikiagency LTD editorial team. Last reviewed October 2026. Wikiagency LTD is a paid Wikipedia editing agency and discloses that affiliation on every project.
Why Sudan needs its own approach
Sudan is a large northeast African country with a history that includes the ancient Kingdom of Kush and its pyramids at Meroë, the meeting of the Blue and White Nile at Khartoum, a strong scholarly and literary tradition, and a recent period of conflict, displacement and political upheaval. Millions of Sudanese have left their homes, and Sudanese professionals, academics, doctors, journalists and artists now live in Egypt, the Gulf, Uganda, Ethiopia, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. For a Wikipedia article, that means sources are polarised, records have been lost or destroyed, and neutrality and the safety of living people need special care.
We begin every Sudan project by sorting sources into those Wikipedia treats as reliable and those it does not, and we write only what the reliable ones support.
Arabic-language sources and translation
Most coverage is in Arabic, with English widely used in education, business and international reporting, and many other languages spoken across the country, including Nubian languages, Beja, Fur and Nuer. Reviewers need to verify sources, so we use human translators with subject knowledge, provide accurate renderings of key passages and cite complete publication details.
Names and transliteration
Sudanese names often include several generational names rather than a family surname, are romanised in several ways and may use honorifics. Wikipedia has a standard romanisation, and we apply it, record variants and create redirects so that searches under any common spelling reach the article.
Sanctions, compliance and ethical limits
Some Sudanese individuals and entities are subject to sanctions by the United Nations, the United States, the European Union and others, and sanctions regimes have changed over time. We do not accept commissions that aim to obscure sanctions-related facts, to promote sanctioned persons or entities, or to help evade compliance rules, and we do not write advocacy for or against any government, faction or armed group.
Source reliability in conflict reporting
Source reliability is the central challenge when writing about Sudan during wartime. Information circulates quickly on social media and partisan channels, and much of it is unverified. We favour reporting from established newsrooms, United Nations bodies and humanitarian agencies, and we cite what each source actually states rather than repeating rumours.
Literature, music and the arts
Sudanese poets, novelists such as Tayeb Salih, singers, painters and filmmakers have wide influence in the Arab and African worlds, and some now work in exile. Prizes, recordings, exhibitions and reviews support notability, and we cite those precisely.
Heritage and archaeology
The pyramids of Meroë, Jebel Barkal, the Nubian temples and the ancient city of Kerma are UNESCO-listed or well studied, and archaeologists from many countries have worked there. Scholars and conservators are documented in academic work, and we cite publications precisely.
Agriculture, gum arabic and trade
Sudan produces most of the world’s gum arabic, as well as sesame, sorghum, cotton and livestock, and merchants, cooperatives and exporters are covered by trade and development reporting. We cite official and independent figures for production and avoid marketing language.
Humanitarian and civil-society organisations
Relief groups, medical charities, resistance committees and civil-society initiatives work inside and outside the country. We write about them from independent evaluations and press coverage, avoid unsourced impact figures and take particular care with the safety of living people.
Politics, public office and neutrality
Public office in Sudan has changed hands repeatedly since 2019, through transitional councils, military governance and contested claims to authority. For officials we describe the role precisely, cite the date and the source, and avoid language that endorses or condemns, because Wikipedia expects neutral treatment of every political figure.
Safety of living subjects
Living subjects from Sudan can face real danger if sensitive details are published. Wikipedia’s biographies of living people policy already limits what can be included, and we go further by leaving out home addresses, family details and unconfirmed allegations, even when a source mentions them.
Khartoum, Omdurman, Port Sudan, Darfur and the regions
Khartoum, Omdurman and Bahri form the capital region, while Port Sudan, Kassala, Wad Madani, El Obeid, Nyala and El Fasher each have their own media and traditions. A merchant, physician or poet may be well covered in a regional outlet and nowhere else. We search national, regional and international archives for a complete record.
Sudanese diaspora and migration
Sudanese in Egypt, the Gulf, Saudi Arabia, Uganda, Ethiopia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the United States have built businesses, medical careers and community organisations, and some are prominent academics, writers and entrepreneurs. Their notability may rest on coverage in several languages, and we combine those sources and verify independence.
Education, medicine and science
The University of Khartoum, Omdurman Islamic University and other institutions have trained generations of professionals, and many Sudanese doctors work in the Gulf and the United Kingdom. We assess academics under the professor guideline using citations, awards and appointments, wherever they now work, and apply Wikipedia’s strict sourcing rules to medical claims.
Banking, telecoms and mobile money
Banks, telecom operators and mobile-payment services are covered by financial media and regulators. We cite audited statements and reliable reporting, describe institutions factually and apply our compliance limits strictly.
Photographs and licensing
Photographs of Sudanese people and places must be licensed for free reuse before they can be shown. We help establish who owns an image, obtain written permission where needed, upload the file to Wikimedia Commons with an accurate description and avoid uploading material whose rights are unclear.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Creation Services in Sudan
Wikiagency LTD creates Wikipedia pages for Sudanese individuals, companies, institutions and cultural figures. We research independent coverage, draft in neutral language, submit through the appropriate route and explain conflict-of-interest obligations, so that your page is built to survive scrutiny rather than to impress at first glance.
Wikiagency LTD Notability Assessment Services in Sudan
Our notability assessment for Sudan gives you an honest answer before any drafting begins. We examine available coverage across Arabic and English sources, identify what meets Wikipedia’s standard and where evidence is missing, and describe what could realistically be built if the subject does not yet qualify.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Editing Services in Sudan
Our editing service for Sudan improves existing articles that are thin, outdated or promotional. We rework structure, verify claims, fix sourcing and align the page with Wikipedia’s neutral point of view, making changes in steps so each one can be defended on the talk page if questioned.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Updating Services in Sudan
Updating a Sudanese article means verifying new information before it goes in. Appointments, awards, publications and company milestones are checked against independent sources and entered with clear edit summaries, which keeps the page history transparent to administrators and other volunteers.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Translation Services in Sudan
Translation work for Sudan commonly runs between Arabic and English. We adapt articles for the target edition, keep citations intact, check how names and places are transliterated and make sure the translated page follows that edition’s rules, not simply a literal copy of the original.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Monitoring Services in Sudan
Our monitoring service tracks your Sudanese article for edits and disputes. We review what changed, explain whether it is acceptable and respond through policy-based discussion. You get a clear record of activity rather than a surprise when you next open the page.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Maintenance Services in Sudan
Maintenance keeps a Sudanese page from decaying: we repair dead links, refresh references with newer coverage, remove outdated detail and reconcile the text with recent developments. Steady upkeep prevents the neglect that often leads to cleanup templates or proposals for deletion.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Maintenance Tag Removal Services in Sudan
If a maintenance tag is hurting your page, we identify what triggered it and fix that issue with reliable sources and neutral language before asking for the tag to be removed. We do not remove tags without addressing the concern, because that leads to reversals.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Deleted Page Recovery Services in Sudan
For deleted Sudanese pages we begin with the deletion log and discussion. Depending on the reason, recovery might mean a stronger draft, a request to the closing administrator or a new article built on better sources. We tell you honestly which option is realistic.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Image Update Services in Sudan
Image updates cover licensing checks, uploads to Wikimedia Commons and placement in the article. A well-licensed portrait, logo or photograph of a Sudanese site can improve clarity, but only if rights are documented and the file description is accurate.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Infobox Update Services in Sudan
Infobox updates focus on accuracy. For Sudanese subjects we fill fields such as born, occupation, headquarters, founded and website using verified information, and we leave out claims the body of the article cannot support, which keeps the summary box defensible.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Article Writing Services in Sudan
Our article writing service produces original, sourced text for Sudanese people, firms, institutions and events. Drafts are checked for neutrality and Wikipedia’s house style, and we review them against the same standards experienced volunteers use when they assess new pages.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Backlink Building Services in Sudan
Backlink building services, in general terms, mean using citations and external links that Wikipedia permits within a Sudanese article. We do not promise rankings, traffic or placement, and we do not use methods that break the project’s linking guidelines.
Wikiagency LTD Wikipedia Page Creation Services in Sudan
For Sudan, our page creation starts with an honest talk about your goals and ends with a draft based on independent coverage. We avoid exaggeration, explain how Arabic and English sources are weighed and keep any paid relationship disclosed from the start.
Notability Assessment for Sudanese subjects
Notability assessment for Sudanese subjects looks at national and international coverage, paying attention to whether outlets are independent and in depth. We report what we find, including weak points, so you can decide whether to commission a draft or build evidence first.
Wikipedia Editing and Updating for Sudanese pages
Editing and updating often go together for older Sudanese pages: cleaning previous text and refreshing facts. That can include correcting dates around the 1956 independence or the 2019 transition, updating company details or adjusting how a public role is described.
Wikipedia Translation, Monitoring and Maintenance
Translation, monitoring and maintenance are frequently combined for Sudanese articles that exist in several language editions. We keep facts consistent, translate carefully and watch each edition so errors do not creep in and then spread between versions.
Maintenance Tag Removal and Deleted Page Recovery
A maintenance banner on a Sudanese page usually signals a specific problem, such as missing references or non-neutral phrasing. We diagnose it, fix the cause and request removal properly. If a page has been deleted, we study the discussion first and prepare a draft that answers the objections.
Image Update, Infobox Update and Article Writing
Image update, infobox update and article writing form a useful bundle for thin Sudanese pages. We improve visuals, tidy the key facts box and expand the text with new verified material from reliable outlets, keeping everything verifiable and neutral.
Wikipedia Backlink Building Services
Backlink building for Sudan means using Wikipedia’s legitimate linking tools, such as citations and relevant external links. We follow the guidelines, keep expectations realistic and never promise a particular ranking, a fixed outcome or any special treatment.
Conflict-of-interest management for Sudanese clients
Paid editing on Wikipedia requires disclosure, which applies to Sudanese businesses, public figures and agencies alike. We declare the relationship openly, propose changes on talk pages where needed and avoid undisclosed edits that could be read as concealed promotion.
What happens after your Sudanese page is live
Publication is not the end. We keep watching your Sudanese page, respond to reasonable editor questions and update the article as new sources appear. Pages left unattended for years often attract tags, so periodic review protects the investment you have made.
Why Sudanese clients choose Wikiagency LTD
Sudanese clients choose Wikiagency LTD because we understand how conflict-era sourcing is weighed, keep communication clear and decline to promise outcomes Wikipedia would not permit. That frank approach saves time and avoids the disappointment that follows exaggerated claims.
Sudanese currency, pricing and quotations
Sudanese clients can discuss budgets in Sudanese pound, and we provide a quotation in Sudanese pound so that planning is clear. Our published prices are in US dollars and do not change.
Whatever the currency, you know the full cost before you start, with no hidden extras and a money-back guarantee if the page is not approved.
Working with Sudanese agencies, lawyers and PR teams
Sudanese lawyers, PR agencies and communications teams often work with us on source gathering and review timelines. We coordinate carefully while making sure everyone understands that Wikipedia, not the client, ultimately decides what the article says.
Paid editing and Wikipedia’s disclosure rules in Sudan
Wikipedia’s disclosure rules cover anyone paid to edit, including consultants for Sudanese organisations. We state the relationship where required, avoid undisclosed editing and help clients understand why that openness protects both the article and their reputation.
How Wikipedia’s rules apply to Sudanese subjects
Wikipedia’s core rules apply to Sudan as anywhere else: verifiability, neutral point of view and no original research. Where coverage is limited or contested, we rely on the best available sources and say so openly instead of stretching weak evidence.
How a Wikiagency LTD project runs for Sudanese clients
A project starts with a discovery call, then source research, a candid notability view, drafting, your fact check and submission. For Sudanese subjects we also verify name spellings, dates and place references before anything reaches reviewers.
Trust, accountability and what we will not do
We will not promise rankings, create fake sources, hide a paid relationship or write promotional copy disguised as an encyclopedia entry. For Sudanese clients, that discipline is the difference between an article that stays and one that is removed.
Notability for people in Sudan
For a Sudanese person, notability usually rests on significant coverage of their career, public service, scholarship, creative work or sport. A passing mention in a news round-up is not enough, so we look for profiles, in-depth interviews and awards with reliable coverage.
Notability for Sudanese companies
For Sudanese companies, Wikipedia expects independent, in-depth coverage of the organisation itself, not press releases. We study business reporting, trade press and industry recognition, then tell you plainly whether the evidence currently supports an article.
Search engines, AI assistants and your Wikipedia page
Search engines and AI assistants frequently draw on Wikipedia, so an accurate Sudanese article can shape how a subject is described elsewhere. We write clear opening paragraphs and structured details that machines read well, without keyword stuffing.
A realistic timeline for a Sudanese project
A realistic timeline for a Sudanese article depends on the source base. Research and drafting often take a couple of weeks, followed by community review we cannot control. We provide ranges rather than promises and report progress as it happens.
Three illustrative scenarios for Sudanese clients
A Sudanese telecoms entrepreneur based in Dubai has trade and business press coverage, so we write a neutral company article. A poet and singer now living in London has recordings and reviews, so we build a neutral biography from independent sources. A physician who directed a hospital has medical-journal and press coverage, so we write a neutral biography.
These are illustrations and not promises. Every case depends on actual sources, which we assess before quoting.
Working with clients across Sudan and the diaspora
Our Sudan-related clients are in Khartoum, Port Sudan and other cities, and in Cairo, Kampala, Doha, Dubai, London, Toronto and elsewhere. We work remotely and can use secure channels on request, share documents in Arabic or English and assign a named editor to each project. Because of banking restrictions, we discuss payment arrangements early and only through lawful channels.
Sudan-specific risks we flag early
Typical failure points include reliance on partisan outlets, advocacy language from any side of the conflict, coverage in a single outlet, promotional phrasing translated from Arabic marketing copy and unsourced claims about the subject’s role. We find these in the assessment stage and fix them before submission.
Verifying claims when records are lost
Every factual claim in a Sudanese draft is checked before it appears: dates, titles, figures and spellings. If sources disagree, we say so or select the stronger source and explain why, instead of quietly choosing the more flattering version.
Arabic and English Wikipedia
Sudanese subjects may belong on English Wikipedia, Arabic Wikipedia or both, and the two communities apply different standards in practice. We check where coverage is strongest, which edition editors are more likely to accept and whether a translation would add real value before recommending a route.
How Sudan’s history shapes the sources
Sudan’s history includes the kingdoms of Kush, Nubia and the Funj, Ottoman–Egyptian rule, the Mahdist state, Anglo-Egyptian condominium, independence in 1956, long civil wars, the separation of South Sudan in 2011, the revolution of 2019 and the conflict that began in 2023. We use academic histories for background and cite contemporary independent reporting for recent achievements, and we treat sources produced by any party to the conflict as statements of that party’s position.
Media freedom and source reliability
Press conditions have been severe, with journalists killed, detained or exiled and outlets aligned with rival authorities, and international press-freedom bodies document them. We judge each source on its editorial standards, corrections policy and reputation among other reliable publications. A mention in a single outlet is rarely enough, and we look for coverage across several independent sources.
Cuisine, ful medames and food culture
Ful medames, kisra, asida and Sudanese coffee and tea are central to the food culture, and Sudanese restaurants have opened in Gulf and Western cities. Chefs and restaurateurs are notable where independent critics, guides and awards describe them in depth, and we avoid listing-site reviews and sponsored posts as evidence.
Ports, aviation and the Nile
Port Sudan, Khartoum airport, the Nile river transport and the railways are subjects of transport and trade literature. We write about operators and projects from official and independent sources with dates and documented milestones, and treat the effects of conflict and sanctions neutrally and with sources.
Law, justice and legal professionals
Judges, lawyers and legal organisations in Sudan appear in coverage of constitutional debates, human rights cases and transitional justice. We document professional roles through court records, bar association material and independent reporting, and we describe cases factually without suggesting guilt or merit beyond what sources state.
Women, youth and community leaders
Women activists, doctors, entrepreneurs and artists have been prominent in Sudanese life and in the protest movement, and well-sourced biographies help narrow Wikipedia’s coverage gap. We hold these articles to the same standard as any other and keep the language neutral.
Regional coverage from Egypt, the Gulf, Ethiopia and Europe
Sudan’s neighbours, including Egypt, Ethiopia, Chad, South Sudan and the Gulf states, publish a great deal of coverage on Sudanese affairs. Regional reporting can help establish notability, but we read it for independence and accuracy, because outlets with political alignments may present events differently.
Statistics we cite with care
Economic and demographic figures for Sudan come from international organisations, central institutions and independent analysts, and the separation of South Sudan changed many series. We use the most authoritative source available, give the year and note disagreement where it exists.
The Nile, irrigation and environment
The Nile, the Gezira irrigation scheme, desertification and the Merowe and Roseires dams are subjects of scientific and policy literature. Researchers and organisations are documented in peer-reviewed work, and we cite studies and official reports and present disputes neutrally.
Sport and athletes
Sudanese footballers and athletes have competed regionally and internationally, and Sudanese-born runners have represented other countries. Results databases and sporting press support articles, and we verify statistics against official records.
Education, schools and universities
Universities and schools operate under difficult conditions, and scholarships abroad support many students. We assess institutions against the organisation guideline and write only what independent and official sources support, leaving out admissions language and unverified rankings.
Philanthropy, foundations and community projects
Foundations, charities and community projects in Sudan often operate in difficult conditions, and their work is documented in NGO reports and humanitarian press. We look for independent evaluation and credible coverage, and we are careful not to describe funding or impact without evidence that a reliable source has verified.
Telecommunications and media ownership
Telecommunications firms, broadcasters and media companies in Sudan have been shaped by regulation, ownership changes and, in recent years, outages. We rely on regulator documents, business reporting and press freedom organisations to describe ownership and operations accurately, and we date every claim about service or control.
Insurance, pensions and social security
Pension funds, insurers and social security institutions in Sudan are covered mainly through government announcements and specialist financial reporting. We cite official publications and reputable economic press, and we avoid forward-looking claims about solvency or performance that no reliable source has confirmed.
Online reputation and AI search
Online reputation and AI search increasingly draw on Wikipedia, which makes accuracy more important for Sudanese subjects, whose names appear in many spellings. We write a clear first paragraph, include alternative spellings and keep the facts verifiable so assistants and search engines describe the subject correctly.
What happens after you contact us
After you get in touch, a Sudanese project begins with a short call to confirm scope and the safety and sourcing issues that matter most. We then send a written plan, collect your evidence, give you a draft to check for factual errors and explain each step of submission and review as it happens.
Ethical limits and honest advice
Honest advice sometimes means telling a Sudanese client that a Wikipedia page is not yet appropriate. If the sources are thin, the subject is promotional by nature or the safety risks outweigh the benefit, we say so directly and suggest other ways to build credible coverage first.
Sources we avoid for Sudanese subjects
For Sudanese subjects we avoid sources that Wikipedia editors regularly reject: anonymous social media accounts, unverified video claims, partisan pages, sponsored articles and self-published material. Using weak sources is the quickest way for an otherwise sound draft to be questioned or deleted.
Cotton, livestock and rural life
Cotton, groundnuts, sorghum and livestock are central to rural life, and farmers, cooperatives and exporters are covered by trade and development reporting. We cite official and independent figures for production and present land and subsidy debates neutrally.
Crafts, jewellery and Nubian design
Sudanese silver and gold jewellery, leatherwork, basketry and Nubian painted houses are recognised crafts. Artisans and workshops are notable where exhibitions, awards and independent features describe their work, and we avoid sales language.
Health care in conflict and exile
Doctors and nurses who worked through the conflict, and health organisations that supported them, are documented in medical journals and international press. Biomedical and conflict-related claims follow strict sourcing rules, and we cite peer-reviewed work and recognised agencies.
Architecture and urban life
Khartoum’s colonial-era streets, Omdurman’s markets and the new bridges are covered by architectural press and scholarship. Architects and planners are notable where reviews and awards describe their work, and we cite them precisely.
Football, clubs and sports institutions
Al-Hilal and Al-Merrikh, the great Omdurman clubs, have long rivalries, and federations and leagues have been disrupted by conflict. We write about their history and results with citations to official and independent sources.
Timelines and expectations
Timelines for Sudanese articles can lengthen when sources have to be verified carefully or when events are moving quickly. We give realistic ranges, explain what depends on community review and tell you early if a pending development means the draft should wait.
Khartoum, Omdurman and Sudan’s urban institutions
Khartoum, Omdurman and Bahri form the capital region at the meeting of the Blue and White Nile, and many institutions, newspapers, universities and cultural bodies are tied to it. The University of Khartoum and the National Museum are long-standing reference points.
When we write about people or organisations in this area, we name the city precisely and use sources that do the same. Where institutions have been disrupted since 2023, we date every statement so readers understand the context.
The war since 2023 and why sources need care
The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has displaced millions and changed the information environment. Reports from the United Nations, humanitarian agencies and international press are generally the strongest sources.
We attribute claims to named sources, avoid adopting either side’s language and keep subjects connected to the conflict factual and brief, in line with Wikipedia’s rules on living people and contested topics.
Gum arabic, agriculture and the Sudanese economy
Sudan is a major producer of gum arabic, and the Gezira Scheme between the Blue and White Nile shaped cotton and agricultural history. Livestock, sesame and gold also feature in economic reporting.
For commodity and agribusiness clients we use trade reports, development agency material and financial press, and we label figures with their year so older numbers are not mistaken for current ones.
Nubian heritage, Meroë and the pyramids
Sudan has more pyramids than Egypt, with the royal cemeteries at Meroë and the Napatan sites around Jebel Barkal inscribed as World Heritage. Archaeologists and conservation bodies have published extensively.
We rely on peer-reviewed and institutional publications for historical claims, avoid tourist-brochure phrasing and tie any person’s connection to a site to what the source actually states.
Civil society, the Sudanese Professionals Association and public figures
The December 2018 uprising and the 2019 transition brought civil society groups and professional associations into international reporting. Activists, journalists and doctors’ committees have been profiled by major outlets.
We cover such subjects with care, citing independent journalism, avoiding speculation on safety-sensitive details and following Wikipedia’s strict guidance on biographies of living people.
The Sudanese diaspora and international connections
Many Sudanese professionals, academics and entrepreneurs live in the Gulf, the United Kingdom, North America and Europe, and their careers are often documented in the press of those countries. This can help notability for people who left Sudan.
We combine sources from Sudan and the diaspora, confirm identity details across them and avoid mixing up people with similar names, which is a common problem with transliterated Arabic names.
Arabic names, transliteration and consistency
The same Sudanese name can be spelled several ways in English, which affects search and sourcing. Wikipedia usually follows the spelling most common in reliable English-language sources.
We check which form sources use, add alternative spellings in the lead and keep the choice consistent through the article, so people searching in different spellings still reach the right page.
Sanctions, banking and business reporting
Sudan’s business environment has been shaped by sanctions, their lifting and changing banking arrangements, and companies are described accordingly in financial coverage. Claims about compliance or operations need strong sourcing.
We use regulator notices, reputable financial press and company filings where available, and we do not describe commercial relationships beyond what a reliable source documents.
Science and academic traditions
Sudanese scientists and scholars have worked in medicine, agriculture, geology and the humanities, and many now work abroad. We gather citation records, prize announcements and appointments, and write in an academic register.
Pricing for clients in Sudan
Our prices are fixed, listed in US dollars and agreed before work begins. Creation packages are $599 (Basic), $999 (Standard) and $1,199 (Premium), each with a 100% money-back guarantee if the page is not approved. If you would like a quotation in Sudanese pound, ask us and we will confirm the amount in writing before you commit. Our guide to what a Wikipedia page costs explains what a fair fee covers, and every service has fixed tiers on its page.
Start with a free assessment for Sudan
If you run a Sudanese company, represent a public figure or manage an institution, the first step is simple. Send us your website and your best press coverage, and a Wikiagency LTD specialist will give you an honest view of whether a page is achievable and what it would take. Message us on WhatsApp on +92 336 111 2311 or email info@wikiagency.org. You can also book a free consultation or use the contact page. If the sources are not there, we will say so and tell you what to do instead.